Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, is a widely used laboratory technique in immunology and molecular biology. It is primarily employed to detect and quantify the presence of specific proteins, antibodies, antigens, or other molecules in biological samples such as blood, serum, plasma, urine, and cell lysates. ELISA is a versatile and sensitive assay that has various applications, including medical diagnostics, research, and quality control in industries like pharmaceuticals and food testing.

Polymerase Chain Reaction, or PCR, is a revolutionary molecular biology technique that has had a profound impact on various fields, particularly in genetics, genomics, forensics, and biotechnology.

A Western Blot, also known as an immunoblot, is a widely used laboratory technique in molecular biology and biochemistry. It is employed to detect and analyze specific proteins within a complex mixture of proteins extracted from cells or tissues. Western blotting allows researchers to determine the presence, quantity, and size of target proteins and is an essential tool in various scientific fields, including molecular biology, cell biology, and biomedical research.